put

Operator

  put — add or modify fields of records

Synopsis

[put] <field>:=<expr> [, <field>:=<expr> ...]

Description

The put operator modifies its input with one or more field assignments. Each expression is evaluated based on the input record and the result is either assigned to a new field of the input record if it does not exist, or the existing field is modified in its original location with the result.

New fields are append in left-to-right order to the right of existing record fields while modified fields are mutated in place.

If multiple fields are written in a single put, all the new field values are computed first and then they are all written simultaneously. As a result, a computed value cannot be referenced in another expression. If you need to re-use a computed result, this can be done by chaining multiple put operators.

The put keyword is optional since it is an implied operator.

Each <field> expression must be a field reference expressed as a dotted path or one more constant index operations on this, e.g., a.b, this["a"]["b"], etc.

Each right-hand side <expr> can be any Zed expression.

For any input value that is not a record, an error is emitted.

Note that when the field references are all top level, put is a special case of a yield with a record literal using a spread operator of the form:

yield {...this, <field>:<expr> [, <field>:<expr>...]}

Examples

A simple put

echo '{a:1,b:2}' | zq -z 'put c:=3' -

=>

{a:1,b:2,c:3}

The put keyword may be omitted

echo '{a:1,b:2}' | zq -z 'c:=3' -

=>

{a:1,b:2,c:3}

A put operation can also be done with a record literal

echo '{a:1,b:2}' | zq -z 'yield {...this, c:3}' -

=>

{a:1,b:2,c:3}

Missing fields show up as missing errors

echo '{a:1,b:2,c:3}' | zq -z 'put d:=e' -

=>

{a:1,b:2,c:3,d:error("missing")}

Non-record input values generate errors

echo '{a:1} 1' | zq -z 'b:=2' -

=>

{a:1,b:2}
error("put: not a record: 1")